When a key is pressed, the IC is connected to power supply battery and it starts transmitting packets at 315 Mhz frequency consisting of its ID and Data byte which indicates which key was pressed. Each transmitter has a pre-programmed unique ID set during manufacturing and cannot change. The receiver board usually stores the transmitter ID in its memory before so the receiver only responds to known transmitter IDs for secure applications. The RF part inside the remote is SAW based 315 Mhz transmitter, which can receive by any 315 Mhz type ASK RF Receiver followed by a decoder chip.
315 Mhz ASK RF Receiver
Decoder Chip
15
64
30
39