The SparkFun Qwiic Soil Moisture Sensor operates by measuring the resistivity of the soil. It features two large exposed pads that act as probes. The presence of water in the soil increases the conductivity between these pads, which in turn decreases the resistance and increases the SIG out signal.
Soil moisture sensor based on soil resistivity measurement
The shipping dimensions of the SparkFun Qwiic Soil Moisture Sensor are 7 × 4 × 1 cm, and it has a shipping weight of 0.005 kg.